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MyBiosource Biotechnology rat ocn elisa kit

The levels of osteocalcin <t>(OCN)</t> in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of control and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat models. The CSF <t>OCN</t> levels in PD rats dramatically decreased compared to control rats ( A , n = 17). No difference in the serum OCN levels was found between control and PD rats ( B , n = 19). Expression of GPR158 and GPRC6A in various brain-derived tissues of 8-week-old rats ( C , n = 3). Coimmunoprecipitation of 8-week-old mice striata and proteins were then subjected to western blot analysis using anti-Gpr158 and anti-GPRC6a antibodies ( D , n = 3). Values were obtained from three independent experiments and results are given as the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05.

Rat Ocn Elisa Kit, supplied by MyBiosource Biotechnology, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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1) Product Images from "Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling"

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

The levels of osteocalcin (OCN) in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of control and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat models. The CSF OCN levels in PD rats dramatically decreased compared to control rats ( A , n = 17). No difference in the serum OCN levels was found between control and PD rats ( B , n = 19). Expression of GPR158 and GPRC6A in various brain-derived tissues of 8-week-old rats ( C , n = 3). Coimmunoprecipitation of 8-week-old mice striata and proteins were then subjected to western blot analysis using anti-Gpr158 and anti-GPRC6a antibodies ( D , n = 3). Values were obtained from three independent experiments and results are given as the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05.

Figure Legend Snippet: The levels of osteocalcin (OCN) in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of control and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat models. The CSF OCN levels in PD rats dramatically decreased compared to control rats ( A , n = 17). No difference in the serum OCN levels was found between control and PD rats ( B , n = 19). Expression of GPR158 and GPRC6A in various brain-derived tissues of 8-week-old rats ( C , n = 3). Coimmunoprecipitation of 8-week-old mice striata and proteins were then subjected to western blot analysis using anti-Gpr158 and anti-GPRC6a antibodies ( D , n = 3). Values were obtained from three independent experiments and results are given as the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05.

Techniques Used: Control, Expressing, Derivative Assay, Western Blot

Effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OCN on distance traveled (A) and rearing responses (B) in the open-field test (OFT). The cylinder test (C) and elevated body swing test (EBST; D ) were used to evaluate locomotor asymmetry. Compared with the sham groups, 6-OHDA injection decreased the distance traveled by rats in the OFT, and reduced the use of contralateral (left) forelimb in the cylinder test. The injection of 4 μg/kg OCN significantly improved the movement distance of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in the 4th week ( P < 0.001), while 40 μg/kg OCN increased the number of rearing responses in the 3rd week ( P < 0.05). The representative traces of the OFT are shown in the lower panel of (A,B) . In the cylinder test, 4 μg/kg OCN improved the use of the contralateral forelimb ( P < 0.05). No obvious differences were observed in the EBST. n = 8–10, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OCN on distance traveled (A) and rearing responses (B) in the open-field test (OFT). The cylinder test (C) and elevated body swing test (EBST; D ) were used to evaluate locomotor asymmetry. Compared with the sham groups, 6-OHDA injection decreased the distance traveled by rats in the OFT, and reduced the use of contralateral (left) forelimb in the cylinder test. The injection of 4 μg/kg OCN significantly improved the movement distance of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in the 4th week ( P < 0.001), while 40 μg/kg OCN increased the number of rearing responses in the 3rd week ( P < 0.05). The representative traces of the OFT are shown in the lower panel of (A,B) . In the cylinder test, 4 μg/kg OCN improved the use of the contralateral forelimb ( P < 0.05). No obvious differences were observed in the EBST. n = 8–10, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Techniques Used: Injection

Effect of intra-striatum injection of OCN on distance traveled (A) , rearing responses (B) in OFT. The cylinder test (C) and EBST (D) were used to evaluate locomotor asymmetry. Compared with the sham groups, 6-OHDA injection decreased the distance traveled by rats, while the injection of OCN (4 μg) or nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly improved movement distance (A) , but not rearing impairment (B) of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in OFT. The representative traces of the OFT are shown in the lower panel of (B) . No obvious differences were observed in the cylinder test (C) or the EBST (D) . n = 9–11, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Figure Legend Snippet: Effect of intra-striatum injection of OCN on distance traveled (A) , rearing responses (B) in OFT. The cylinder test (C) and EBST (D) were used to evaluate locomotor asymmetry. Compared with the sham groups, 6-OHDA injection decreased the distance traveled by rats, while the injection of OCN (4 μg) or nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly improved movement distance (A) , but not rearing impairment (B) of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in OFT. The representative traces of the OFT are shown in the lower panel of (B) . No obvious differences were observed in the cylinder test (C) or the EBST (D) . n = 9–11, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Techniques Used: Injection

The protective effect of OCN on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH + ) neurons and fibers in the nigrostriatal system in the unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rat model. 6-OHDA induced ~90% dopaminergic neuronal loss on the lesioned side compared to the intact side of the substantia nigra (SN), which was improved by i.p. OCN injection (A) . Similarly, the decrease in TH-positive cell number in the SN of the lesioned side was also significantly alleviated by OCN injection (B) . The results from western blots measuring TH were consistent with immunohistochemistry in the striatum (C) . In the intra-striatum injection OCN group, 6-OHDA induced ~50% dopaminergic neuronal loss in the lesioned side compared to the intact side of the SN, which was improved by OCN injection (D) . Similarly, the decrease in TH-positive cell number in the SN of lesioned side was also significantly alleviated by intra-striatum OCN injection (E) . The results from western blots measuring TH were consistent with immunohistochemistry in the striatum (F) . n = 16, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Figure Legend Snippet: The protective effect of OCN on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH + ) neurons and fibers in the nigrostriatal system in the unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rat model. 6-OHDA induced ~90% dopaminergic neuronal loss on the lesioned side compared to the intact side of the substantia nigra (SN), which was improved by i.p. OCN injection (A) . Similarly, the decrease in TH-positive cell number in the SN of the lesioned side was also significantly alleviated by OCN injection (B) . The results from western blots measuring TH were consistent with immunohistochemistry in the striatum (C) . In the intra-striatum injection OCN group, 6-OHDA induced ~50% dopaminergic neuronal loss in the lesioned side compared to the intact side of the SN, which was improved by OCN injection (D) . Similarly, the decrease in TH-positive cell number in the SN of lesioned side was also significantly alleviated by intra-striatum OCN injection (E) . The results from western blots measuring TH were consistent with immunohistochemistry in the striatum (F) . n = 16, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Techniques Used: Injection, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry

The effect of OCN on the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. 6-OHDA significantly increased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lesioned side compared to the intact side both in the SN (A) and striatum (B) , which was inhibited by OCN injection. The same function of OCN on microglial proliferation was also observed, which was stained with Iba1 (C,D) . n = 16. Green = TH, Red = GFAP or Iba1, Blue = Nucleus.

Figure Legend Snippet: The effect of OCN on the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. 6-OHDA significantly increased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lesioned side compared to the intact side both in the SN (A) and striatum (B) , which was inhibited by OCN injection. The same function of OCN on microglial proliferation was also observed, which was stained with Iba1 (C,D) . n = 16. Green = TH, Red = GFAP or Iba1, Blue = Nucleus.

Techniques Used: Injection, Staining

Neuroprotective effects of OCN on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. PC12 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 h, and cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8; A ). Pretreatment of PC12 cells with various concentrations of OCN (1–100 ng/ml) was performed 2 h before exposure to 100 μM 6-OHDA, and the cell viability was measured at 24 h (B) . The effects of OCN on the auto-oxidation of 6-OHDA were measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm using a microplate reader (C) . The results from western blots showed that treatment with 100 μM 6-OHDA increased the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the expression of bcl-2, and both changes were reversed by pre-incubation with OCN (D) . 6-OHDA decreased the expression of phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) and phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) at 24 h (E) , and both reductions were reversed by pretreatment with OCN (F) . Similarly, 6-OHDA injection into the right striatum also resulted in decreased expression of p-AKT and p-GSK3β, and both reductions were inhibited by direct injection of OCN into the striatum (G) . Values were obtained from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 (compared with the control group), # P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Figure Legend Snippet: Neuroprotective effects of OCN on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. PC12 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 h, and cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8; A ). Pretreatment of PC12 cells with various concentrations of OCN (1–100 ng/ml) was performed 2 h before exposure to 100 μM 6-OHDA, and the cell viability was measured at 24 h (B) . The effects of OCN on the auto-oxidation of 6-OHDA were measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm using a microplate reader (C) . The results from western blots showed that treatment with 100 μM 6-OHDA increased the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the expression of bcl-2, and both changes were reversed by pre-incubation with OCN (D) . 6-OHDA decreased the expression of phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) and phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) at 24 h (E) , and both reductions were reversed by pretreatment with OCN (F) . Similarly, 6-OHDA injection into the right striatum also resulted in decreased expression of p-AKT and p-GSK3β, and both reductions were inhibited by direct injection of OCN into the striatum (G) . Values were obtained from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 (compared with the control group), # P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Techniques Used: Incubation, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Injection, Control

OCN protects PC12 cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. Apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry (A–E) . The number of apoptotic cells was counted in the R2 (AV + /7-amino-actinomycin, 7-AAD + , the late phase apoptotic cells) and R4 (AV + /7-AAD − , the early phase apoptotic cells) regions, and the apoptotic rate was calculated (F) . The CCK-8 test showed that OCN could attenuate the neuronal toxicity induced by 6-OHDA through activating AKT/GSK3β, while LY294002 reversed the neuroprotective effect of OCN on PC12 cells (G) through inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β (H) . Values were obtained from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 (compared with the control group), # P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Figure Legend Snippet: OCN protects PC12 cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. Apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry (A–E) . The number of apoptotic cells was counted in the R2 (AV + /7-amino-actinomycin, 7-AAD + , the late phase apoptotic cells) and R4 (AV + /7-AAD − , the early phase apoptotic cells) regions, and the apoptotic rate was calculated (F) . The CCK-8 test showed that OCN could attenuate the neuronal toxicity induced by 6-OHDA through activating AKT/GSK3β, while LY294002 reversed the neuroprotective effect of OCN on PC12 cells (G) through inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β (H) . Values were obtained from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 (compared with the control group), # P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Techniques Used: Flow Cytometry, CCK-8 Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Control

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay:

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling
Article Snippet: Recombinant OCN was from Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland, Catalog: H-6552). .. A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619). .. An OCN antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).

Image Search Results

Effects of DEX and LUT on BMSC osteogenesis, miR‐125b‐5p expression, and SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR axis. The administration of LUT restored the levels of RUNX2 (a), OSX (b), OPN (c), and OCN (d). Moreover, altered levels of miR‐125b‐5p expression (e), as well as gene expression and protein levels of SIRT3 (f, i), AMPK (g, j), and mTOR (h, k) were obtained after DEX and LUT treatment. p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Luteolin Inhibits Dexamethasone‐Induced Osteoporosis by Autophagy Activation Through miR‐125b‐5p/SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR Axis, an In Vitro and In Vivo Study

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70071

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of DEX and LUT on BMSC osteogenesis, miR‐125b‐5p expression, and SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR axis. The administration of LUT restored the levels of RUNX2 (a), OSX (b), OPN (c), and OCN (d). Moreover, altered levels of miR‐125b‐5p expression (e), as well as gene expression and protein levels of SIRT3 (f, i), AMPK (g, j), and mTOR (h, k) were obtained after DEX and LUT treatment. p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Article Snippet: ELISA kits were purchased for the measurement of SIRT3 (Catalogue number: abx156091, abbexa, UK), AMPK (Catalogue number: NBP3‐42385, Novus Biologicals, USA), mTOR (Catalogue number: RTFI01278, AssayGenie, Ireland), Runx2 (Catalogue number: abx255979, abbexa, UK), OSX (Catalogue number: MBS020109, MyBioSource, USA), OPN (Catalogue number: KA0312, Novus Biologicals, USA), OCN (Catalogue number: NBP2‐68153, Novus Biologicals, USA), LC3 (Catalogue number: RTEB1503, AssayGenie, Ireland), ATG5 (Catalogue number: RTEB1055, AssayGenie, Ireland), BECN1 (Catalogue number: NBP2‐69960, Novus Biologicals, USA), and P62 (Catalogue number: NBP2‐61300, Novus Biologicals, USA).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression

Effects of DEX and LUT on osteogenesis markers. The administration of LUT restored the gene expression and protein levels of RUNX2 (a, e), OSX (b, f), OPN (c, g), and OCN (d, h). Similar lowercase letters on bars represent no significant difference between groups. p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Journal: Food Science & Nutrition

Article Title: Luteolin Inhibits Dexamethasone‐Induced Osteoporosis by Autophagy Activation Through miR‐125b‐5p/SIRT3/AMPK/mTOR Axis, an In Vitro and In Vivo Study

doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70071

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of DEX and LUT on osteogenesis markers. The administration of LUT restored the gene expression and protein levels of RUNX2 (a, e), OSX (b, f), OPN (c, g), and OCN (d, h). Similar lowercase letters on bars represent no significant difference between groups. p ‐value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Techniques: Gene Expression

Fig. 4. Effect of NaB on plasma biochemical indicators. (A) OCN; (B) CTX-1; (C) TRACP-5B. Error bars represent mean ± SD (n =6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the control, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. the F100 group.

Journal: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety

Article Title: Protective effects of sodium butyrate on fluorosis in rats by regulating bone homeostasis and serum metabolism.

doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116284

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4. Effect of NaB on plasma biochemical indicators. (A) OCN; (B) CTX-1; (C) TRACP-5B. Error bars represent mean ± SD (n =6 per group). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the control, #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs. the F100 group.

Article Snippet: Rat osteocalcin (OCN) ELISA kit, rat collagen type I C-terminal peptide (CTX-I) ELISA kit, and rat antitartrate acid phosphatase 5B (TRACP-5B) ELISA kit were obtained from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Control

Effect of different treatments on OCN and TNF-alpha levels in plasma. (A) OCN, (B) TNF-alpha. # p < 0.05 vs. the OVX group; * p < 0.05 vs. the SHAM group

Journal: BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies

Article Title: A circRNA-miRNA-mRNA network plays a role in the protective effect of diosgenin on alveolar bone loss in ovariectomized rats

doi: 10.1186/s12906-020-03009-z

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of different treatments on OCN and TNF-alpha levels in plasma. (A) OCN, (B) TNF-alpha. # p < 0.05 vs. the OVX group; * p < 0.05 vs. the SHAM group

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA) and a rat TNF-alpha ELISA kit (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) were used to determine the rat plasma levels of TNF-αand OCN from all groups.

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: The levels of osteocalcin (OCN) in the serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of control and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced Parkinson’s disease (PD) rat models. The CSF OCN levels in PD rats dramatically decreased compared to control rats ( A , n = 17). No difference in the serum OCN levels was found between control and PD rats ( B , n = 19). Expression of GPR158 and GPRC6A in various brain-derived tissues of 8-week-old rats ( C , n = 3). Coimmunoprecipitation of 8-week-old mice striata and proteins were then subjected to western blot analysis using anti-Gpr158 and anti-GPRC6a antibodies ( D , n = 3). Values were obtained from three independent experiments and results are given as the mean ± SEM. * P < 0.05.

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Derivative Assay, Western Blot

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OCN on distance traveled (A) and rearing responses (B) in the open-field test (OFT). The cylinder test (C) and elevated body swing test (EBST; D ) were used to evaluate locomotor asymmetry. Compared with the sham groups, 6-OHDA injection decreased the distance traveled by rats in the OFT, and reduced the use of contralateral (left) forelimb in the cylinder test. The injection of 4 μg/kg OCN significantly improved the movement distance of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in the 4th week ( P < 0.001), while 40 μg/kg OCN increased the number of rearing responses in the 3rd week ( P < 0.05). The representative traces of the OFT are shown in the lower panel of (A,B) . In the cylinder test, 4 μg/kg OCN improved the use of the contralateral forelimb ( P < 0.05). No obvious differences were observed in the EBST. n = 8–10, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of intra-striatum injection of OCN on distance traveled (A) , rearing responses (B) in OFT. The cylinder test (C) and EBST (D) were used to evaluate locomotor asymmetry. Compared with the sham groups, 6-OHDA injection decreased the distance traveled by rats, while the injection of OCN (4 μg) or nerve growth factor (NGF) significantly improved movement distance (A) , but not rearing impairment (B) of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats in OFT. The representative traces of the OFT are shown in the lower panel of (B) . No obvious differences were observed in the cylinder test (C) or the EBST (D) . n = 9–11, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Injection

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: The protective effect of OCN on tyrosine hydroxylase (TH + ) neurons and fibers in the nigrostriatal system in the unilateral 6-OHDA-lesioned PD rat model. 6-OHDA induced ~90% dopaminergic neuronal loss on the lesioned side compared to the intact side of the substantia nigra (SN), which was improved by i.p. OCN injection (A) . Similarly, the decrease in TH-positive cell number in the SN of the lesioned side was also significantly alleviated by OCN injection (B) . The results from western blots measuring TH were consistent with immunohistochemistry in the striatum (C) . In the intra-striatum injection OCN group, 6-OHDA induced ~50% dopaminergic neuronal loss in the lesioned side compared to the intact side of the SN, which was improved by OCN injection (D) . Similarly, the decrease in TH-positive cell number in the SN of lesioned side was also significantly alleviated by intra-striatum OCN injection (E) . The results from western blots measuring TH were consistent with immunohistochemistry in the striatum (F) . n = 16, * P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Injection, Western Blot, Immunohistochemistry

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: The effect of OCN on the proliferation of astrocytes and microglia. 6-OHDA significantly increased the number of GFAP-positive astrocytes in the lesioned side compared to the intact side both in the SN (A) and striatum (B) , which was inhibited by OCN injection. The same function of OCN on microglial proliferation was also observed, which was stained with Iba1 (C,D) . n = 16. Green = TH, Red = GFAP or Iba1, Blue = Nucleus.

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Injection, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: Neuroprotective effects of OCN on 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. PC12 cells were incubated with different concentrations of 6-OHDA for 24 h, and cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8; A ). Pretreatment of PC12 cells with various concentrations of OCN (1–100 ng/ml) was performed 2 h before exposure to 100 μM 6-OHDA, and the cell viability was measured at 24 h (B) . The effects of OCN on the auto-oxidation of 6-OHDA were measured spectrophotometrically at 490 nm using a microplate reader (C) . The results from western blots showed that treatment with 100 μM 6-OHDA increased the expression of caspase-3 and decreased the expression of bcl-2, and both changes were reversed by pre-incubation with OCN (D) . 6-OHDA decreased the expression of phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) and phosphorylated GSK3β (Ser9) at 24 h (E) , and both reductions were reversed by pretreatment with OCN (F) . Similarly, 6-OHDA injection into the right striatum also resulted in decreased expression of p-AKT and p-GSK3β, and both reductions were inhibited by direct injection of OCN into the striatum (G) . Values were obtained from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 (compared with the control group), # P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Incubation, Cell Counting, CCK-8 Assay, Western Blot, Expressing, Injection, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience

Article Title: Osteocalcin Ameliorates Motor Dysfunction in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Parkinson’s Disease Rat Model Through AKT/GSK3β Signaling

doi: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00343

Figure Lengend Snippet: OCN protects PC12 cells from 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity. Apoptotic cells were measured by flow cytometry (A–E) . The number of apoptotic cells was counted in the R2 (AV + /7-amino-actinomycin, 7-AAD + , the late phase apoptotic cells) and R4 (AV + /7-AAD − , the early phase apoptotic cells) regions, and the apoptotic rate was calculated (F) . The CCK-8 test showed that OCN could attenuate the neuronal toxicity induced by 6-OHDA through activating AKT/GSK3β, while LY294002 reversed the neuroprotective effect of OCN on PC12 cells (G) through inhibiting the phosphorylation of AKT and GSK3β (H) . Values were obtained from three independent experiments. * P < 0.05 (compared with the control group), # P < 0.05 (compared with the 6-OHDA group).

Article Snippet: A rat OCN ELISA kit was purchased from MyBioSource (San Diego, CA, USA, Catalog: MBS2022619).

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, CCK-8 Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Control

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